Associations between individual and collective efficacy beliefs and students' bystander behavior     

Björn Sjögren  Robert Thornberg  Linda Wänström  Gianluca Gini 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(11):1710-1723

This study examined whether defending and passive bystanding during peer victimization episodes were associated with individual- and classroom-level efficacy to stop peer victimization. Self-report survey data were analyzed from 1,467 Swedish fourth-grade students (mean age = 10.55) from 100 classrooms in 63 schools. Multilevel analyses revealed that, when witnessing peer victimization, students more often defended victims if they were high in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms high in collective efficacy. In contrast, students were more likely to remain passive if they were low in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms low in collective efficacy. Taken together, our findings suggest that efficacy beliefs both at the individual and at the classroom level contribute to explaining variability in students' bystander behaviors, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work.  相似文献   

Social network data to alleviate cold-start in recommender system: A systematic review     

Lesly Alejandra Gonzalez Camacho  Solange Nice Alves-Souza 《Information processing & management》2018,54(4):529-544

Recommender Systems are currently highly relevant for helping users deal with the information overload they suffer from the large volume of data on the web, and automatically suggest the most appropriate items that meet users needs. However, in cases in which a user is new to Recommender System, the system cannot recommend items that are relevant to her/him because of lack of previous information about the user and/or the user-item rating history that helps to determine the users preferences. This problem is known as cold-start, which remains open because it does not have a final solution. Social networks have been employed as a good source of information to determine users preferences to mitigate the cold-start problem. This paper presents the results of a Systematic Literature Review on Collaborative Filtering-based Recommender System that uses social network data to mitigate the cold-start problem. This Systematic Literature Review compiled the papers published between 2011–2017, to select the most recent studies in the area. Each selected paper was evaluated and classified according to the depth which social networks used to mitigate the cold-start problem. The final results show that there are several publications that use the information of the social networks within the Recommender System; however, few research papers currently use this data to mitigate the cold-start problem.  相似文献   

社会经济学的三大流派:一个简要述评     

王军 《湖州职业技术学院学报》2014,(4):45-49

社会经济学从萌芽发展繁荣,期间形成了众多流派,影响较大的主要有三大流派:天主教社会经济学、人本主义社会经济学、奥地利派社会经济学。天主教社会经济学强调受到天主教教义的指导,人本主义社会经济学则是以人为中心来开始研究,奥地利派社会经济学强调经济社会是一个整体。在发展过程中,奥地利派社会经济学到了21世纪30年代发展演变成了"奥地利经济学派";人本主义社会经济学则另立山头,出现了发展专门的人本主义经济学的趋势;天主教社会经济学则不断淡化宗教色彩,扩大开放,借鉴吸收其他学科的最新理论成果,大有融合、包容其他社会经济学的倾向。现阶段,当代社会经济学还在快速发展中,其发展走向还有待观察。  相似文献   

工资扭曲的概念、原因及后果:文献述评     

李冰晖 《唐山学院学报》2014,(1):58-60,68

对近些年国内外有关工资扭曲和劳动报酬份额的研究成果进行梳理,对工资扭曲的定义、产生及影响进行总结,并对当前研究的特点与不足进行简单评述。  相似文献   

电力系统电压稳定性的研究     

卢文波 《黑龙江科技信息》2007,(4S):31-31,135

对国内外电压稳定问题研究的现状进行了概述。特别介绍了对电压失稳机理的认识以及当前广泛采用的几种电压稳定性的分析方法，而且还介绍了电压稳定研究进一步发展的方向。  相似文献   

Improving the learning of Boolean queries by means of a multiobjective IQBE evolutionary algorithm     

O. Cordón  E. Herrera-Viedma  M. Luque 《Information processing & management》2006

The Inductive Query By Example (IQBE) paradigm allows a system to automatically derive queries for a specific Information Retrieval System (IRS). Classic IRSs based on this paradigm [Smith, M., & Smith, M. (1997). The use of genetic programming to build Boolean queries for text retrieval through relevance feedback. Journal of Information Science, 23(6), 423–431] generate a single solution (Boolean query) in each run, that with the best fitness value, which is usually based on a weighted combination of the basic performance criteria, precision and recall.  相似文献   

同行评议中专家识别研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

马晓光  连燕华  沈全锋  于浩 《研究与发展管理》2003,15(3):68-72

同行评议方法在评审科研项目申请、科学出版物,评定科研成果、学位与职称、研究机构(优秀人才、学术团队)的运作等方面发挥不可替代的作用。实践表明：影响同行评议方法使用效果的两个关键环节是评价标准的制定与同行专家选择,排除评价标准制定的不科学性,专家选择则成了影响评议质量的比较关键的因素。在此,结合专家库建设的研究,初步提出了专家识别标准与指标体系。  相似文献   

关于推进依法行政的几点思考     

张晓芝 《中国软科学》2006,(12):10-17

我国提出全面推进依法行政，建设法治政府的目标已经时过两年。“推进”依法行政，意味着我国依法行政基本目标的实现不是一个纯粹自然演进的过程，而是一个在既定目标引导下进行的自觉推进过程。因此，推进依法行政的过程中，应当根据依法行政和法治政府的基本目标和要求，充分认识我国现阶段制约依法行政的因素；高度重视行政监督法律制度的建设和完善，尤其是要强化对抽象行政行为的监督和制约；注重法治观念和依法行政意识的培养，积极致力于为实现依法行政的基本目标创造条件。  相似文献   

大菜粉蝶颗粒体病毒(pbGV)包涵体蛋白mRNA的提取及电镜观察     

游哲  李维琪 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1992,(2)

包涵体蛋白 mRNA 是大菜粉蝶颗粒体病毒(pbGV)感染晚期合成的主要信使 RNA.我们从染病晚期幼虫脂肪体中,用饱和苯酚法提取总核酸,用 LiCl 去除其中 DNA,经 Oligo-(dT)纤维素层析柱,mRNA 呈现二个洗脱峰,将洗脱峰组份用尿素-高甲酰胺法制样电镜观察.电镜下 mRNA 分子柔软、粗糙,呈弯曲的线状,分子长度约0.3μ(30个统计)  相似文献   

蓝牙芯片nRF401工作性能分析研究     

刘波  王娜  任凌宇 《中国科技信息》2006,(10):171-172,174

本文从如何更好的开发蓝牙芯片nRF401使用功能的角度，通过对该芯片各项指标的功能分析和数据比较，对nRF401的工作性能进行了深入全面的分析。  相似文献